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Russian history: 2nd week of May

Friday 9, May 2014, 9:54 am Red

The second week of May in Russian history brings us the first television broadcast and the victory of a computer against a human being. We will talk about the 5th Congress of the Russian Labour Party and the end of the blockade on West Berlin. It was also in the second week of May when one of the world's largest military pacts was signed and when a spacecraft reached Venus. We will also remember the opening day of the Moscow Metro and the first flight of one of the most modern aircrafts of its time.

Bolshevik Congress

May 13, 1907: the 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party is held in London. There the Bolsheviks seized power and moved the Mensheviks away from all governing bodies. Lenin decided at this congress to cease every armed action in Russia after the failure of the first revolution of 1905. The Congress took place at the Brotherhood Church on Southgate Road in London.

End the blockade of West Berlin

On May 12, 1949 the USSR ends the blockade of West Berlin, designed to expel the British, French and Americans from the city, so the Soviets could gain control of all Berlin. The blockade began in 1948 and to get around it, the Allies created the "Berlin Airlift". At the busiest moment, 900 aircrafts landed  every day with products for the two million citizens of West Berlin.

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Airlift plane landing at Tempelhof Airport

Warsaw Pact

The "Warsaw Pact" is signed on May 14, 1955. This was a treaty of military cooperation between the Eastern Bloc countries to counter the military power of NATO. The countries that signed the pact were: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, the German Democratic Republic, Romania and the Soviet Union. This treaty was in force until July 1, 1991.

Moscow Metro

May 15, 1935: Moscow subway starts operating. The first line was Sokolniki - Park Kultury. Today, the Moscow metro has 320 km of track, 192 stations and 12 lines. It is the second most heavily used metro system in the world and, without doubt, is the most beautiful: 44 of its stations are UNESCO’s world heritage sites.

The Russian Knight

On May 10, 1913 the first flight of the aircraft C9 "Russkij Vitjaz" (Русскійвитязь, Russian knight) takes place. It was also known as Igor Sikorsky’s "Le Grand". This was the first four-engine aircraft in the world. Its 17 passengers could enjoy a plane with toilet, upholstered chairs or heating.

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Sikorsky ‘s Russkij Vitjaz (Русскійвитязь)

The invention of television

Russian scientist Boris Rosing performs the first TV broadcast on May 9, 1911 using a cathode ray receiver. Vladimir Zvorykin, one of Rosing’s assistants, brought the cathode ray technology to the USA and patented the first television (kinescope) and the first video camera (iconoscope).

Kasparov Vs Deep Blue

World champion Gary Kasparov loses a 6-game chess match against the IBM computer "Deep Blue" on May 11, 1997. This was the first time a computer won a world champion, but an older version of "Deep Blue" had already won a game against Kasparov in 1996.

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Kasparov playing against Deep Blue

Venera 5

The Soviet spacecraft Venera 5 begins its descent to the surface of Venus on May 16th 1969. For 52 minutes the probe sent data to Earth. Soviet scientists had calculated that the pressure on the surface of Venus would be no more than 25 atmospheres, but before touching ground the pressure was already 27 atmospheres and Venera 5 was destroyed. However, before that, it sent Earth valuable information about the planet's atmosphere.

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