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Russian history: 3rd week of June

Monday 16, June 2014, 8:03 pm Red

Did you know that the famous “red telephone” to allow direct communication between the USSR and the USA was established this week of June, albeit many years ago? Also, in the third week of June, Russia and Turkey divided part of the territory of Persia between them, Tolstoy finished one of his masterpieces, the first Russian car was manufactured and Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space. All this, and many more events happened this week in the history of Russia and the Soviet Union.

Peace between Russia and Turkey

To prevent a war between the Russian and the Ottoman Empire, a treaty was signed in Constantinople on June 23, 1724, whereby large portions of the Persian territory were divided. Thus, Russia obtained the Caspian Sea coast, while Turkey received the regions of Tiflis and Erivan. The treaty was signed in Constantinople with the mediation of France, but it did not have a long life, as only 50 years later, Catherine II would go to war twice against Turkey over territorial disputes.

SALT II

On June 18, 1979 the Soviet Union and the United States signed an agreement on strategic arms limitation called SALT-2. The leaders of both powers, Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev, signed these agreements, but the U.S. Senate refused to ratify them, since they considered them to be too beneficial to the USSR. After this refusal, the next president of the United States, Ronald Reagan, began a massive rearmament policy, the Strategic Defense Initiative known as "Star Wars".

salt
Brezhnev and Carter after signing the SALT II treaty

Withdrawal from Hungary

June 19, 1991: the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Hungary is completed. The policy of opening to the EU began in 1988. Just one month after the total withdrawal of Soviet troops, the Warsaw Pact was disbanded and some years afterwards, in 1999, Hungary became the first Eastern country to join NATO.

The red telephone

On June 20, 1963 the "red telephone", a direct line of communication between the leaders of the USA and the URSS is established. The so-called Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 made necessary a means of direct and immediate communication between Washington and Moscow. Although it is informally called the "red telephone", the system was actually a teletype line, because it was felt that writing would be more reliable than verbal communication. The line was routed Washington to Moscow via London, Copenhagen, Stockholm and Helsinki. In 1988 it was replaced by a fax line and since 2008 email is used over a secure computer link.

First woman in space

Valentina Tereshkova becomes, on June 16, 1963, the first woman in space. Tereshkova piloted the Vostok 6 (the last ship of this program) and flew at a distance of just five kilometers from the Vostok 5, piloted by Valeri Bykovsky, on a flight designed to investigate the effects of space flight on men and women.

tereshkova
Valentina Tereshkova aboard the Vostok 6 capsule

Spassky, world champion

The Russian chess player Boris Spassky became the 10th Chess World Champion, after defeating Armenian Tigran Petrosian, on June 17, 1969. Although Spassky is one of the best players in the history of chess, he will always be remembered for his defeat against American talent Bobby Fischer in 1972, in a Championship called "The Game of the Century". 20 years later, in 1992, Fischer reappeared to play a rematch in which Spassky lost again.

The Russo Balto

June 21, 1909: The first Russian-made car, the Russo-Balto, leaves a production center in Riga. The Russo-Balto C24/30 was a sports coupe car designed by an engineer from the Belgian company Fondu. The Russo-Baltic factory, apart from cars, also built machinery for the railway and other industries, as well as other vehicles, from tractors to tanks. This plant also produced the Ilya Muromets, the first strategic bomber with four engines.

Tolstoy ends his trilogy

The great Russian writer Alexei Tolstoy finishes on June 22, 1941 his trilogy "The Road to Calvary ". This trilogy, where Tolstoy spent almost twenty years, is considered the most important example of revolutionary literature.

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